vault backup: 2025-10-11 08:15:21

叶片制造装置/EP1310351A1最早的IntegralBlade/auto/EP1310351A1最早的IntegralBlade.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 # (54) Method for manufacturing windmill blades  
 
 (57) There is disclosed a method for making a windmill blade whereby problems with glue joints and with exposure of the workers to environmentally hazardous substances are avoided. This is effected by making the windmill blade in a closed mould with a mould core (3) inside mould parts (22, 48) for formation of a mould cavity (51), in which fibre material (45,47) and core material (46) are placed. After applying vacuum to the mould cavity (51), matrix material (57) is injected via a filling pipe (29), which is placed at a downwardly oriented side edge of the blade during the filling. Hereby is established a flow front (61) which is used for indicating complete filling when this reaches the trailing edge of the blade and penetrates out through overflow apertures.  
-
+公开了一种制造风力机叶片的方法，从而避免了胶接接头问题以及工人接触环境有害物质的问题。这是通过在闭合模具中制造风力机叶片来实现的，该闭合模具具有位于模具部件 (22, 48) 内部的模具型芯 (3)，以形成模腔 (51)，在该模腔中放置纤维材料 (45,47) 和芯材 (46)。在对模腔 (51) 施加真空后，通过填充管 (29) 注入基体材料 (57)，该填充管在填充过程中放置在叶片的向下侧边缘。由此形成一个流前 (61)，当其到达叶片的后缘并穿透溢流孔时，该流前用于指示完全填充。
 ![](images/976c4002777d094cf187e012833ee9bcbc760f8f8b1d82d220904af780dbac47.jpg)  
 
 ![](images/d8142c7c4860f5bb441f2d6fdf5932a446071d054329edf8881f824bcabaad65.jpg)  
@@ -38,23 +38,26 @@
 
 [0006] It is also prior art that windmill blades may be made by a method where a blade is usually made with two half-shells which are joined at leading and trailing edges by bonding. The half-shells are usually supported inside the blade cavity by one or more beams, which are also joined to the half-shells by bonding, where the beams e.g. may be made in U- or I-shape so that the flanges of these beams form contact surfaces with the half-shells, or where the beams e.g. may be made by winding so that a part of the external surface of the winded beam forms contact surfaces towards the half-shells. The half-shells may e.g. be made of dry fibre materials which are supplied resin by manual laying, vacuum injection or the like, or they may be made of prepeg, where the fibre materials are impregnated in advance with resin which is brought to set by the action of heat, UV-irradiation, or similar. In other embodiments, beams and/or half-shells are made of thermoplastic, e.g. by using fibre materials that are combinations of temperature resisting fibre materials and thermoplastic, and where the fibre material after laying is brought to a temperature where the thermoplastic material melts, thereby acting as resin in the finished laminate.  
 
-[0007] However, it is a problem with this method that it may be difficult to ensure a satisfying quality of the 5 glue joints established in the interior of the structure for the mutual joining of the half-shells and for joining possible beams with the half-shells. This is partly due to fundamental problems regarding material technology, partly to more specific manufacturing problems.  
+[0007] However, it is a problem with this method that it may be difficult to ensure a satisfying quality of the glue joints established in the interior of the structure for the mutual joining of the half-shells and for joining possible beams with the half-shells. This is partly due to fundamental problems regarding material technology, partly to more specific manufacturing problems.  
+[0002] 制造风电机组叶片的不同方法是已知的。
 
-10 [0008] The fundamental problems regarding material technology may summarizingly be described as consequences of the impossibility of having the same material properties in the glue as in the rest of the blade. The reason for this is that the general material properties in   
-15 the blade shells and the laminates of the possible beams are determined by the fibre reinforcement, which normally has rigidity several orders of magnitude higher than that of the resin, whereby the properties of the resin has minimal significance for the rigidity of the finished   
-20 laminate. Conversely, the glue is normally made as pure resins (which may consist of other plastics than those used in the laminates) or as mixtures of resins and fillers but without fibre reinforcement. The result is that the elastic modulus of the glue typically deviates an order   
-25 of magnitude, often several orders of magnitude, from the parts joined with the glue. To this comes that glue materials are often brittle and may therefore be vulnerable to local moments tending to open the glue joint, socalled peeling. Such local moments will particularly oc  
-30 cur by very large loads on the blade, where non-linear effects may imply the blade cross-section changing its shape. By virtue of glue materials normally having relatively brittle properties, there may be the subsequent danger that cracks in glue joints propagate far beyond   
-35 the area in which the original overloads have occurred. [0009] Among the manufacturing problems, one of the essential is that the glue joints are provided at leading and trailing edge and between beam and shell, so that a glue joint is established on the unprepared surface   
-40 at the inner side of the shell laminate. The problem of this joint is that the glue surface may only be defined within a certain large range of tolerance. To this comes that in the case of the trailing and leading edge bond the shell laminate has to be reduced towards the edge of   
-45 the shell when, as e.g. in the case of windmill blades, the case is half-shells where the edges are abutting mutually inclining in order that the glue joint can have nearly uniform thickness. This reduction may not always be provided with the necessary tolerances why a real ad  
-50 aptation will require working of the assembly faces, which in turn will imply a large rise in the costs. Another problem is that the deformations arising in the blade shells in connection with small variations in the manufacturing process can give a varying gap inside the cav  
-55 ity of the item so that it may be difficult to ensure a complete filling of glue of the interspace between beam and shell. All these problems with tolerances have the result that glue joints generally may have varying cross-sec  
+[0003] 因此，已知风电机组叶片可以通过将粗纱带或粗纱束缠绕在芯材或芯模上制成。例如，美国专利4,242,160和4,381,960中描述了相关方法。
 
-tions and fillings which in turn implies a risk of considerable stress concentrations in the glue and the adjoining blade shells and beams. Furthermore, it is a problem that most glue materials presupposes that the surfaces to be bonded are ground in advance with the associated problems of maintaining the necessary tolerances. Finally, the glue joints are usually difficult to inspect visually as well as they are difficult to inspect by NDT methods (non-destructive testing) due to the tapering laminate and the irregular geometry of the item.  
+[0004] 这种缠绕方法的缺点是，固化后，缠绕件通常会以原始复合材料表面作为外表面，这与许多应用不兼容，例如风电机组叶片。因此，要获得令人满意的表面质量，需要进行精加工处理，例如通过粘接单独制造的壳体。
+
+[0005] 这种方法的另一个缺点是，缠绕通常需要使用具有一定强度的芯模，因此希望能够重复使用。在这些情况下，该方法只能用于几何形状允许移除芯模的部件，这意味着，在距离芯模抽出端一定距离处，型腔内部横截面的尺寸不得超过该位置与该端之间任何横截面的尺寸，并且在实践中通常需要模具具有一定的锥度。因此，这种方法不能用于例如储罐或整个风电机组叶片。
+
+[0006] 现有技术中还已知，风电机组叶片可以通过一种方法制造，其中叶片通常由两个半壳体构成，这些半壳体通过粘接在叶片的前缘和后缘处连接。半壳体通常由一根或多根梁在叶片型腔内部支撑，这些梁也通过粘接与半壳体连接，其中，例如，梁可以制成U形或I形，使得这些梁的翼缘与半壳体形成接触面，或者，例如，梁可以通过缠绕制造，使得缠绕梁外表面的一部分与半壳体形成接触面。半壳体例如可以由干纤维材料制成，通过手工铺设、真空灌注或类似方式供应树脂，或者它们可以由预浸料制成，其中纤维材料预先浸渍有树脂，并通过热、紫外线照射或类似作用使其固化。在其他实施例中，梁和/或半壳体由热塑性材料制成，例如通过使用耐温纤维材料和热塑性材料的组合纤维材料，并且在铺设后将纤维材料加热到热塑性材料熔化的温度，从而在成品层压板中充当树脂。
+
+[0007] 然而，这种方法存在一个问题，即难以确保在结构内部为半壳体之间的相互连接以及梁与半壳体连接而形成的胶接接头的质量令人满意。这部分是由于材料技术方面的基本问题，部分是由于更具体的制造问题。
+[0008] The fundamental problems regarding material technology may summarizingly be described as consequences of the impossibility of having the same material properties in the glue as in the rest of the blade. The reason for this is that the general material properties in the blade shells and the laminates of the possible beams are determined by the fibre reinforcement, which normally has rigidity several orders of magnitude higher than that of the resin, whereby the properties of the resin has minimal significance for the rigidity of the finished laminate. Conversely, the glue is normally made as pure resins (which may consist of other plastics than those used in the laminates) or as mixtures of resins and fillers but without fibre reinforcement. The result is that the elastic modulus of the glue typically deviates an order of magnitude, often several orders of magnitude, from the parts joined with the glue. To this comes that glue materials are often brittle and may therefore be vulnerable to local moments tending to open the glue joint, socalled peeling. Such local moments will particularly occur by very large loads on the blade, where non-linear effects may imply the blade cross-section changing its shape. By virtue of glue materials normally having relatively brittle properties, there may be the subsequent danger that cracks in glue joints propagate far beyond the area in which the original overloads have occurred. 
+[0009] Among the manufacturing problems, one of the essential is that the glue joints are provided at leading and trailing edge and between beam and shell, so that a glue joint is established on the unprepared surface at the inner side of the shell laminate. The problem of this joint is that the glue surface may only be defined within a certain large range of tolerance. To this comes that in the case of the trailing and leading edge bond the shell laminate has to be reduced towards the edge of the shell when, as e.g. in the case of windmill blades, the case is half-shells where the edges are abutting mutually inclining in order that the glue joint can have nearly uniform thickness. This reduction may not always be provided with the necessary tolerances why a real adaptation will require working of the assembly faces, which in turn will imply a large rise in the costs. Another problem is that the deformations arising in the blade shells in connection with small variations in the manufacturing process can give a varying gap inside the cavity of the item so that it may be difficult to ensure a complete filling of glue of the interspace between beam and shell. All these problems with tolerances have the result that glue joints generally may have varying cross-sections and fillings which in turn implies a risk of considerable stress concentrations in the glue and the adjoining blade shells and beams. Furthermore, it is a problem that most glue materials presupposes that the surfaces to be bonded are ground in advance with the associated problems of maintaining the necessary tolerances. Finally, the glue joints are usually difficult to inspect visually as well as they are difficult to inspect by NDT methods (non-destructive testing) due to the tapering laminate and the irregular geometry of the item.  
 
 [0010] It is also a problem with methods based on bonding individual parts of blades that even though individual sections of the blades may be produced in closed processes with small or no environmental loads, this is usually not the case with the bonding itself. Here, workers will usually be exposed to grind dust from dry grinding, partly because it is unfavourable to the subsequent gluing process to perform wet grinding and partly because they are exposed to contact with and/or vapours from the glue material itself, implying need for personal protective means.  
 
+[0008] 关于材料技术的基本问题，概括而言，可归结为胶水与叶片其他部分的材料性能无法保持一致所带来的后果。其原因是，叶片蒙皮和可能存在的梁的层压板的整体材料性能由纤维增强材料决定，而纤维增强材料的刚度通常比树脂高几个数量级，因此树脂的性能对成品层压板的刚度影响极小。相反，胶水通常由纯树脂（可能包含与层压板中使用的不同塑料）或树脂与填料的混合物制成，但不含纤维增强材料。结果是，胶水的弹性模量通常与胶接部件相差一个数量级，甚至几个数量级。此外，胶水材料通常很脆，因此容易受到局部力矩的影响，这些力矩倾向于使胶接接头张开，即所谓的剥离。这种局部力矩特别会在叶片承受非常大的载荷时发生，此时非线性效应可能导致叶片横截面改变形状。由于胶水材料通常具有相对脆的特性，因此存在后续危险，即胶接接头中的裂纹可能会远远超出原始过载发生的区域。
+[0009] 在制造问题中，一个关键问题是胶接接头位于前缘和后缘以及梁与蒙皮之间，这样，胶接接头就建立在蒙皮层压板内侧未经准备的表面上。这个接头的问题在于，胶接表面只能在一定的较大公差范围内定义。此外，在后缘和前缘粘合的情况下，当叶片（例如风电机组叶片）是半壳结构，边缘相互倾斜对接时，蒙皮层压板必须向叶片边缘逐渐减薄，以便胶接接头能够具有接近均匀的厚度。这种减薄可能无法始终满足必要的公差要求，因此实际的适应性调整将需要对装配面进行加工，这反过来会导致成本大幅增加。另一个问题是，制造过程中微小变化导致的叶片蒙皮变形可能导致部件内部空腔的间隙不一，从而难以确保梁与蒙皮之间间隙的胶水完全填充。所有这些公差问题导致胶接接头通常可能具有变化的横截面和填充，这反过来意味着胶水以及相邻的叶片蒙皮和梁中存在相当大的应力集中风险。此外，一个问题是大多数胶水材料都预设待粘合表面需要预先打磨，这带来了保持必要公差的相关问题。最后，由于层压板的锥形结构和部件的不规则几何形状，胶接接头通常难以进行目视检查，也难以通过无损检测（NDT）方法进行检查。
+[0010] 基于叶片各部分粘合的方法还存在一个问题：尽管叶片的各个部分可以在封闭过程中生产，环境负荷很小或没有，但粘合本身通常并非如此。在这种情况下，工人通常会接触到干磨产生的研磨粉尘，部分原因是湿磨不利于后续的胶合过程，部分原因是他们会接触到胶水材料本身和/或其挥发物，这意味着需要个人防护措施。
 # Summary of the Invention  
 
 [0011] The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for making windmill blades of composite materials so that these may be manufactured in a closed process and mainly in one piece without any glue joints.  

叶片制造装置/专利布局.md

@@ -25,4 +25,7 @@ f）叶片的打磨、涂层涂覆等处理设备的结构改进。
 
 叶片整个脱模、成型、固化  
 里面的真空袋、密封胶条导流网都不用了吗  
-玻纤布怎么铺层
+玻纤布怎么铺层
+
+我希望解决的问题
+1 人工铺层